gov.usgs.earthquake.nshmp.eq.fault.surface

Enum RuptureScaling

java.lang.Object

java.lang.Enum<RuptureScaling>

gov.usgs.earthquake.nshmp.eq.fault.surface.RuptureScaling

All Implemented Interfaces:

Serializable, Comparable<RuptureScaling>

public enum RuptureScaling
extends Enum<RuptureScaling>

Identifiers for different rupture dimension scaling models. Most are rooted in specific magnitude scaling relationships, with this class providing more direct access to how such relations are used in practice. All incorporate a fixed rupture aspect ratio. As magnitudes increase, some models will preserve area at the expense of aspect ratio; others may preserve length at the expense of area.

Some scaling models also internally provide corrected Joyner-Boore distances that can be used to approximate average distances from a site to a point source of unknown strike.

Models may also provide a range of RuptureScaling.Dimensions for a given magnitude if dimensionsDistribution(double, double) is requested. This method considers any uncertainty associated with a model and returns a ±2σ distribution of Dimensions discretized at 11 points.

Author:

Peter Powers

Nested Class Summary

Nested Classes

Modifier and Type	Class and Description
static class	RuptureScaling.Dimensions

Enum Constant Summary

Enum Constants

Enum Constant and Description
NONE Placeholder for no rupture scaling model.
NSHM_FAULT_CA_ELLB_WC94_AREA Scaling used for NSHM finite faults in California in 2008 (UCERF2).
NSHM_FAULT_WC94_LENGTH Scaling used for most NSHM finite faults.
NSHM_POINT_WC94_LENGTH Scaling used for NSHM point sources.
NSHM_SOMERVILLE Scaling used for 2014 CEUS derived from Somerville et al.
NSHM_SUB_GEOMAT_LENGTH Scaling used for NSHM subduction sources.
PEER Peer PSHA test scaling.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
abstract RuptureScaling.Dimensions	dimensions(double mag, double maxWidth) Return the dimensions of a magnitude-dependent and width-constrained rupture.
abstract Map<RuptureScaling.Dimensions,Double>	dimensionsDistribution(double mag, double maxWidth) Return a ±2σ distribution of Dimensions and associated weights.
abstract double	pointSourceDistance(double mag, double distance) Given a magnitude and distance from a site to a point source, return the average distance for a finite fault of unkown strike.
static RuptureScaling	valueOf(String name) Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
static RuptureScaling[]	values() Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in the order they are declared.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Enum

clone, compareTo, equals, finalize, getDeclaringClass, hashCode, name, ordinal, toString, valueOf

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Enum Constant Detail

NSHM_FAULT_WC94_LENGTH

public static final RuptureScaling NSHM_FAULT_WC94_LENGTH

Scaling used for most NSHM finite faults. Returns a magnitude-dependent length (Wells & Coppersmith, 1994) and min(length, maxWidth), thereby maintaining a minimum aspect ratio of 1.0. In practice, maxWidth is also a function of magnitude but is prescribed by a RuptureFloating model.

The pointSourceDistance(double, double) implementation returns corrected distances for magnitudes in the closed range [6.0..8.6] and distances in the closed range [0..1000]

See Also:

RuptureFloating.NSHM

NSHM_FAULT_CA_ELLB_WC94_AREA

public static final RuptureScaling NSHM_FAULT_CA_ELLB_WC94_AREA

Scaling used for NSHM finite faults in California in 2008 (UCERF2). This relation Returns a magnitude-dependent length and min(length, maxWidth), thereby maintaining a minimum aspect ratio of 1.0. It is a hybrid relation that uses Wells & Coppersmith (1994) below M≈6.9 and Ellsworth-B (WGCEP, 2002) above.

NSHM_POINT_WC94_LENGTH

public static final RuptureScaling NSHM_POINT_WC94_LENGTH

Scaling used for NSHM point sources. Maintains aspect ratio of 1.5 up to maximum width and then maintains length (Wells & Coppersmith, 1994) at the expense of aspect ratio.

NSHM_SUB_GEOMAT_LENGTH

public static final RuptureScaling NSHM_SUB_GEOMAT_LENGTH

Scaling used for NSHM subduction sources. Returns a magnitude-dependent length (Geomatrix Consultants, 1995) and maxWidth. This relation is used when floating ruptures along strike and maxWidth will always be specified as the full down-dip width of the rupture.

PEER

public static final RuptureScaling PEER

Peer PSHA test scaling. Maintains aspect ratio of 2.0 up to maximum width, then increases length. Conservation of area at the expense of aspect ratio. The uncertainty in area for this model is 0.25.

• Log (A) = M – 4
• Log (W) = 0.5 * M - 2.15
• Log (L) = 0.5 * M - 1.85

NSHM_SOMERVILLE

public static final RuptureScaling NSHM_SOMERVILLE

Scaling used for 2014 CEUS derived from Somerville et al. (2001). In the 2014 NSHM, this relation is only used for point source distance corrections. The dimensions() implementation follows that of the CEUS-SSC, maintaining an aspect ratio of 1 until the maximum width is attained and then increasing length as necessary.

NONE

public static final RuptureScaling NONE

Placeholder for no rupture scaling model. This may be used when rupture geometry is fully specified but an identifier is required, or to imply no point source distance corrections should be applied. This {code #pointSourceDistance()} implementation simply returns the distance supplied.

Method Detail

values

public static RuptureScaling[] values()

Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in the order they are declared. This method may be used to iterate over the constants as follows:

for (RuptureScaling c : RuptureScaling.values())
    System.out.println(c);

Returns:

an array containing the constants of this enum type, in the order they are declared

valueOf

public static RuptureScaling valueOf(String name)

Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name. The string must match exactly an identifier used to declare an enum constant in this type. (Extraneous whitespace characters are not permitted.)

Parameters:

name - the name of the enum constant to be returned.

Returns:

the enum constant with the specified name

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if this enum type has no constant with the specified name

NullPointerException - if the argument is null

pointSourceDistance

public abstract double pointSourceDistance(double mag,
                                           double distance)

Given a magnitude and distance from a site to a point source, return the average distance for a finite fault of unkown strike.

Parameters:

mag - of a rupture

distance - to the centroid of a point source

dimensions

public abstract RuptureScaling.Dimensions dimensions(double mag,
                                                     double maxWidth)

Return the dimensions of a magnitude-dependent and width-constrained rupture.

Parameters:

mag - scaling basis magnitude

maxWidth - of parent source

dimensionsDistribution

public abstract Map<RuptureScaling.Dimensions,Double> dimensionsDistribution(double mag,
                                                                             double maxWidth)

Return a ±2σ distribution of Dimensions and associated weights. The distribution is discretized at 11 points.

Parameters:

mag - scaling basis magnitude

maxWidth - of parent source